When the 35-year-old woman arrived at a hospital in France, she told doctors it felt like electric shocks were running down her legs. What’s more, she felt weak and had experienced a number of falls recently.
The woman’s unusual symptoms turned out to have a surprising cause: Tapeworm larvae lurking in her spine, according to a new report of the case, published in The New England Journal of Medicine.
The woman lived in France and told doctors that she hadn’t been out of the country recently. But she said she did ride horses and have contact with cattle. In addition to her other symptoms, the woman said that over the last three months, she’d had difficulty riding her horse, according to the report, from doctors at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon in France.
An MRI revealed a lesion on her spine, at her ninth thoracic vertebra, which is located in the middle of the back, the report said.
The woman needed surgery to remove the lesion, and tests revealed that it was caused by an infection with Echinococcus granulosus, a small tapeworm that’s found in dogs and some farm animals, including sheep, cattle, goats and pigs.
This tapeworm can cause a disease called cystic echinococcosis, also known as hydatidosis, in which the larvae form cysts that grow slowly in a person’s body, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
These cysts typically grow in the liver or the lungs, but they can also appear in other parts of the body, including the bones and the central nervous system. However, infections of the bones, including the spinal column, are rare, making up just 0.5 to 4 percent of cases of this disease, according to a 2013 paper on cystic echinococcosis.
The life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus is somewhat complex: The “adult” form of the worm lives in the intestines of dogs and can grow to be 6 millimeters (0.2 inches) long, according to the CDC.
Tapeworm eggs are passed in the dogs’ stool, and other farm animals become infected when they ingest food or water that’s contaminated with the tapeworm eggs. Once ingested by farm animals, the eggs develop into larvae, but they cannot develop into adult worms until they are again ingested by dogs (which can happen if dogs are fed slaughtered livestock, according to the CDC.)
Humans become infected with Echinococcus granulosus when they ingest the tapeworm eggs, which can happen if people consume food or water that’s contaminated with stool from infected dogs, according to the CDC. For example, a person might become infected if they consumed plants or berries gathered from fields where infected dogs have been.
Humans are considered “accidental” hosts, because they aren’t involved in transmitting the disease back to dogs, according to the World Health Organization. (The worms can’t grow into adults in humans.)
In addition to surgery, the woman was treated with an anti-parasitic medication. Nine months later, she had no lingering symptoms of her infection or signs that it was coming back, the report said.
